The choice of a thicker shell yields exceptional projection that’s. Search our web sites! Thank you for visiting! please support vintage drum history. Thread starter aze; Start date Aug 29, 2010; Aug 29, 2010 #1 A. I'm not exactly sure what it is or what the value may be as it's been tough finding info on Premier. Location: Planet Earth. It's only visible from certain angles, plus, it is on the butt side, best seen in photos 9, 10 & 11. $349. Zildjian A cymbals can be grouped into four main cymbal stamp types. Snare Drums; Drum Badges; Drum Hardware; Drum Finishes; Serial Numbers; Company Time Line; Slingerland Drums; Restoration and Help. Since then, a dedicated and passionate team have been assembled with the sole focus of creating products that reflect Premier’s long-standing values. Thank you for visiting! please support vintage drum history. Just added Billy Gladstone - Lang Percussion Snare Drum. thumpjingle New Member. A better comparitive might be a Dennis Chambers model Pearl drum or an old Gene Krupa model snare drum, both of which are setup for extended snares but do not feature parallel throw-off's. Serial Number/Badge Styles. Categories Brands Shops Deals and Steals Price Drops 0% Financing New and Popular Handpicked Collections. Identify Drum Form; Vintage Drum Identification. Just had a Premier Dominion snare given to me by a family friend. Cymbals and Stamps. Cleaning and Restoring; How to Refinish a Drum; Fix a Zoomatic; Is my drum COB; Yellow WMP; Types of Drum Hoops; Measuring a Drum;. Encouraging innovation, thinking beyond the limitations of technology and ensuring exceptional quality are central to Premier’s ethos. 6mm, 7-ply all-birch free floating shell of HTS 800 snares effortlessly project dynamic. Snare Drums; Drum Badges; Drum Hardware; Drum Finishes; Serial Numbers; Company Time Line; Slingerland Drums; Restoration and Help. Lugs: Double ended. It's 5 1/2" x 14", 8 lugs, and has slotted tension rods. Many collectors place a premium on born together drum sets. Identify Drum Form; Vintage Drum Identification. I cropped out the rest of the snare because my reflection is in it, but there is nothing else to go off. Free Shipping. Cleaning and Restoring; How to Refinish a Drum; Fix a Zoomatic; Is my drum COB; Yellow WMP; Types of Drum Hoops; Measuring a Drum;. Snare Drums; Drum Badges; Drum Hardware; Drum Finishes; Serial Numbers; Company Time Line; Slingerland Drums; Restoration and Help. Cleaning and Restoring; How to Refinish a Drum; Fix a Zoomatic; Is my drum COB; Yellow WMP; Types of Drum Hoops; Measuring a Drum;. Vintage Drum History is all about history for Ludwig Drum HIstory, Slingerland Drum History, Rogers Drum History and the History of Vintage Drums, Vintage Snare Drums amd Vintage Drum Sets. I had all the wrap removed off the maple shells as the wrap was in nasty condition and refinished the whole set in a light cherry stain including the birch super 4 snare. Vintage Drum Forum. Identify Drum Form; Vintage Drum Identification. 6mm triple flanged batter and snare side hoop with snare gates. But something interesting is still afoot about these- they are post-Yamaha Premier drums. Connected to the largest vintage drum web site. Identify Drum Form; Vintage Drum Identification. Vintage Drum History is all about history for Ludwig Drum HIstory, Slingerland Drum History, Rogers Drum History and the History of Vintage Drums, Vintage Snare Drums amd Vintage Drum Sets. Identify Drum Form; Vintage Drum Identification. I know naught of Premier or their lines. It could be a 6-1/2" Royal Ace with 8 lugs, because if it had 10 lugs it would be the Hi-Fi model. Snare Drums; Drum Badges; Drum Hardware; Drum Finishes; Serial Numbers; Company Time Line; Slingerland Drums; Restoration and Help. Snare Drums; Drum Badges; Drum Hardware; Drum Finishes; Serial Numbers; Company Time Line; Slingerland Drums; Restoration and Help. Although Premier had other metal shell snare drums on the market this model became iconic for both its design and its sound. Cleaning and Restoring; How to Refinish a Drum; Fix a Zoomatic; Is my drum COB; Yellow WMP; Types of Drum Hoops; Measuring a Drum;. Vintage Drum Forum. Premier also produced a 14 x 12” concert model. Weights: 1071 - 15"x12" - 4. Cleaning and Restoring; How to Refinish a Drum; Fix a Zoomatic; Is my drum COB; Yellow WMP; Types of Drum Hoops; Measuring a Drum;. Vintage Drum Forum. . Join Date: Apr 2006. Premier Snare Drum 1975 5. PayPal. Snare Drums; Drum Badges; Drum Hardware; Drum Finishes; Serial Numbers; Company Time Line; Slingerland Drums; Restoration and Help. Snare Drums; Drum Badges; Drum Hardware; Drum Finishes; Serial Numbers; Company Time Line; Slingerland Drums; Restoration and Help. To make this more confusing the snare throw-off looks exactly like the strainer on Premier's newest Artist series (successor to the XPK). (15,260Kb ZIP archive) 32 page 1966 catalogue. Center-hole mounting distance is 5/8". 12. The 2000 snare drum was introduced by Premier around 1966 with it gaining its debut in the 1968 catalogue. cc_brighton (6,222) 99. Add to Cart. The wrap looks great and some of the original Premier factory heads are still on some of the drums. Sidebar. Cleaning and Restoring; How to Refinish a Drum; Fix a Zoomatic; Is my drum COB; Yellow WMP; Types of Drum Hoops; Measuring a Drum;. Identify Drum Form; Vintage Drum Identification. Location: Serbia. If you are researching your Premier Drums and trying to find the date they were manufactured start by looking in the Premier Drum Set Catalog Scans and Premier Snare Drum Catalog Scans. Identify Drum Form; Vintage Drum Identification. Cleaning and Restoring; How to Refinish a Drum; Fix a Zoomatic; Is my drum COB; Yellow WMP; Types of Drum Hoops; Measuring a Drum;. By 1966 the badge was bigger and a 6. The Leedy “X” lug was used on all top of the line snare drums from 1929 until 1938. PayPal. That would be the one with the wider inlay. Visit our Partner Web Sites. Thank you for visiting! please support vintage drum history. Visit our Partner Web Sites. Cleaning and Restoring; How to Refinish a Drum; Fix a Zoomatic; Is my drum COB; Yellow WMP; Types of Drum Hoops; Measuring a Drum; Visit Our Partner Web Sites That little effect is crucial as these drums have the smallest snare bed. Posts: 1,829. Identify Drum Form; Vintage Drum Identification. Drum Catalog Pages. PayPal. Good Condition. Ludwig has been one of the most revered instrument manufacturers on the market since it began producing drums in 1911, and this is especially true when it comes to its highly sought-after snare. 09-06-2014, 02:06 PM. You have the original cap for that strainer too, which are also very hard to find. (10 being mint. $199. Cleaning and Restoring; How to Refinish a Drum; Fix a Zoomatic; Is my drum COB; Yellow WMP; Types of Drum Hoops; Measuring a Drum;. Cleaning and Restoring;. priced low due to "non clean" condition. Identify Drum Form; Vintage Drum Identification. I can't remember when Premier became English-owned again, but in the late '80s, Premier was bought by Yamaha. Identify Drum Form; Vintage Drum Identification. Visit our Partner Web Sites. Snare Drums; Drum Badges; Drum Hardware; Drum Finishes; Serial Numbers; Company Time Line; Slingerland Drums; Restoration and Help. Snare Drums; Drum Badges; Drum Hardware; Drum Finishes; Serial Numbers; Company Time Line; Slingerland Drums; Restoration and Help. 🥁MY RATING: 9. Snare Drums; Drum Badges; Drum Hardware; Drum Finishes; Serial Numbers; Company Time Line; Slingerland Drums; Restoration and Help. Premier PD6021 /"Hi-Fi" snare drum. It's 20, 16, 13, 12, with 14 wood snare. Comes with a snare upgrade and brand-new Remo and Evan's heads. I'd buy it, strip the 12" for the lugs, pop on lugs from a 5" deep Premier snare I have which look only slightly different, and restore the full set. Pearl Deluxe Drum Set NC-5DL. Drum Catalog Pages. . Memorabilia : Magazine Ads. Search our web sites! Thank you for visiting! please support vintage drum history. The drum is the later dominion ace with what premier called their new shining brackets[lugs]. 11% price drop. It's pretty clearly stated in a few places online that serial numbers do not help date Premier drums. Unfortunately: incomplete, as the shown snare strainer is from Ludwig now. Serial Numbers. 5 PROTO 1 STAINLESS STEEL SEAMLESS SNARE DRUM. The magnet test on the shell and hoops showed no magnetic attraction. Company Time Line. Although most of the info I have read about the 90's era drums says they were birch and eucalyptus the inside of the shell grain looks alot like. Posts: 2,233. Important Web Site Pages. Visit our Partner Web Sites. 2) With an extremely thin but strong tool (like a butter knife), gently and with extreme caution wedge the blade tool into the seam to separate the joint. Send Email; My Collection; Other Collections; Reference Books and CatalogsNote that my kit at that time was a 1973 Slingerland - the model with copper finish - and it certainly was a good drum set, but the Premier sounded way better and was better made! The snare drum - which was the same as the one shown above - was simply fantastic: great body, good volume, warm sound and nice rimshot, all I was looking for. All the stands are original and so are the pedals for the bass and hi hat. Snare Drums; Drum Badges; Drum Hardware; Drum Finishes; Serial Numbers; Company Time Line; Slingerland Drums; Restoration and Help. Vintage Drum Identification. 5 PROTO 1 STAINLESS STEEL SEAMLESS SNARE DRUM. Vintage Drum Guru. While. aze New Member. Alejian! Cymbals and Stamps. Cleaning and Restoring; How to Refinish a Drum; Fix a Zoomatic; Is my drum COB; Yellow WMP; Types of Drum Hoops; Measuring a Drum;. Re: Heads for Premier 1026 snare All right - here in Denmark it was invariably the 10-lug 1036, that came with the APK/XPK-kits. Premier 2000 - 2000 4" Model. Philadelphia 76ers Premier League UFC Television The Real Housewives of Atlanta The Bachelor Sister Wives 90 Day Fiance Wife Swap The Amazing Race Australia Married at First Sight The Real Housewives of Dallas My 600-lb Life Last Week Tonight with John. This drum is an late 70s/early 80s "36", the deeper version of the "35" which was born from the successful Beverley "21" also made by Premier. I've never seen a chrome snare with the two metal bars on the inside like this. Snare Drums; Drum Badges; Drum Hardware; Drum Finishes; Serial Numbers; Company Time Line; Slingerland Drums; Restoration and Help. Cleaning and Restoring; How to Refinish a Drum; Fix a Zoomatic; Is my drum COB; Yellow WMP; Types of Drum Hoops; Measuring a Drum;. Identify Drum Form; Vintage Drum Identification. The Della-Porta 100 features a 5mm, 4-ply walnut. Used Premier 5. With a bit of a TLC could be a fantastic snare drum which could sell for £200+. Vintage Drum Identification. 03-14-2009, 03:17 AM. Cleaning and Restoring;. $48. Cleaning and Restoring; How to Refinish a Drum; Fix a Zoomatic; Is my drum COB; Yellow WMP; Types of Drum Hoops; Measuring a Drum;. Vintage Drum Guide is the largest web site devoted to vintage drum history. Cleaning and Restoring; How to Refinish a Drum; Fix a Zoomatic; Is my drum COB; Yellow WMP; Types of Drum Hoops; Measuring a Drum;. Snare Drums; Drum Badges; Drum Hardware; Drum Finishes; Serial Numbers; Company Time Line; Slingerland Drums; Restoration and Help. Memorabilia. Vintage Drum Identification. PGB2414B. Send a private message to caddywumpus. Snare Drums; Drum Badges; Drum Hardware; Drum Finishes; Serial Numbers; Company Time Line; Slingerland Drums; Restoration and Help. PGB2218B. If shipping is less than advertised, we will refund the remaining shipping cost balance. Snare Drums; Drum Badges; Drum Hardware; Drum Finishes; Serial Numbers; Company Time Line; Slingerland Drums; Restoration and Help. It provides a very short and distinct sound that is packed with plenty of volume. No fancy throw/butt. The earliest is unplayable. Joined Apr 13, 2022 Messages 1 Reaction score 1 LocationIdentify Drum Form; Vintage Drum Identification. Excellent Condition. Premier Snare Drum with TS Batter Head 6x14 [Fast & Free Shipping] Opens in a new window or tab. He has a complete red sparkle vintage Premier kit from which the snare came. "Weather King" was essentially a marketing tool to sway players away from using calf skin. NOS Premier Snare found for sale Vintage Non-USA drums. With a sound as bold and distinctive as its appearance, Genista Classic drums return to their roots with a premium all-birch ply shell construction, 6mm undersize tom diameter, and unmistakable lug design. 23 shipping estimate. Search our web sites! Thank you for visiting! please support vintage drum history. Cocktail Drums and the "New" Jobbing Outfit. Visit our Partner Web Sites. 5x14 snare. Over all, good condition. 28 page catalogue from 1963. 95 shipping. #52 & #53 ‘Talking Drums’. No fancy throw/butt. Pearl OH1350 Omar Hakim Signature 13x5" African Mahogany Snare Drum - Best Snare Drum for Hip-Hop. search search. Pearl Professional Drum Set FW-1S. Vintage Premier Royal Ace Snare Drum Early 1960's; This is the display your Vox drums thread; New old Stewart snare; $10 Pearl Kit. 9Kgs/10. Pearl Artist Drum Set F. Vintage Premier Snare question. 5" mountable snare. Depends on the depth, the short ones have 1 screw, longer 2 or 3 screws. Eight Borthers Tom-Toms. This is a companion article to one about Gretsch round badge drums published in December 2020. 8mm, 4-ply maple/birch hybrid shells, beech support rings and 3mm undersized. The throwoff and butt plate appear to be genuine Premier hardware, as I've seen both on other Premier snares online. Vintage Drum Center. 5” model was also available, now in the classic glitters and pearls associated with 60s Premier drums. Vintage Drum Identification. 5 SD SNARE Drum. Vintage Drum Forum. Identify Drum Form; Vintage Drum Identification. Whether you know it or not, your choice of snares also determines the balance between the snare buzz and sound of the shell. . 00. marching BROCHURE 2012 "HTS 800 has the most volume, the best snare response and the best sound and balance of any pipe band snare drum. 5" 10-Lug Maple Snare Drum 1992 - 2003 (1) 1 available for $781. The Premier drums are 14" x 20" bass drum (8 lugs), 15" x 16" floor tom (8 lugs), 14" x 14" floor tom (8 lugs), and a 8" x 12" rack tom (6 lugs)-(has been made to mount on cymbal stand, but I will come to that later). Identify Drum Form; Vintage Drum Identification. Thank you for visiting! please support vintage drum history. Not the most amazing sounding drum, but OK, and the value should reflect that. Cleaning and Restoring;. premier snare identification. Literature. Important Web Site Pages Vintage Drum Identification. Vintage Drum Forum. This is our flagship ‘Black and Brass Magnificent’ offering! Two heavy duty cymbal stands and tom mounts included. As a special edition kit for its 100th anniversary, Premier has also released the Artist Club 100. If you use a standard snare wire set with some cord it simply won't work. Snare Drums; Drum Badges; Drum Hardware; Drum Finishes; Serial Numbers; Company Time Line; Slingerland Drums; Restoration and Help. C. Cleaning and Restoring; How to Refinish a Drum; Fix a Zoomatic; Is my drum COB; Yellow WMP; Types of Drum Hoops; Measuring a Drum;. The shell and hoops are in good condition generally. com. 5" Snare Drum, Vintage Gold Sparkle. Premier snare drum 1950/60 Super 4 snare. He'd have to tell us how many holes. (13,319Kb ZIP archive) 8 page 2000 snare drum brochure. Snare Drums; Drum Badges; Drum Hardware; Drum Finishes; Serial Numbers; Company Time Line; Slingerland Drums; Restoration and Help. Vintage Drum Identification Restoration and Help. Used Premier 14X6. Rough weights for medium lines of cymbal are 2500-2800g for 22˝, 2050-2300g for 20˝ and 1650-1850g for 18˝. Premier Hi-Fi Snare Drum. Location: Bridgeport, Connecticut. It has the classic premier lugs and throw with the bar through the snare and rounded die cast hoops. The quality of the XPK made Yamaha, Tama and Pearl scramble to come up with better mid level kits to compete, and ultimately knocked the XPK out of existence. Identify Drum Form; Vintage Drum Identification. Yeaper. USA. Greetings , I'am looking for wires for my 60's Premier Royal Ace snare ,Premier #0648, If anyone has a set or knows where i. Its nearly 50 years old. Got a Premier drum set 3 pieces (belived to be birch) with transparent lacquer finish 22/13/16 and chrome 8 lug snare. This web site is dedicated to the history of vintage drums. Snare Drums; Drum Badges; Drum Hardware; Drum Finishes; Serial Numbers; Company Time Line; Slingerland Drums; Restoration and Help. The lugs are either brass or gold in color, not chrome. Re: WTB: Replacement Rubber Sleeves for Snare Basket. It starts with Pearl’s 100% all maple shell construction, anchored by a 6-ply. Cleaning and Restoring; How to Refinish a Drum; Fix a Zoomatic; Is my drum COB; Yellow WMP; Types of Drum Hoops; Measuring a Drum;. Snare Drums; Drum Badges; Drum Hardware; Drum Finishes; Serial Numbers; Company Time Line; Slingerland Drums; Restoration and Help. Find all posts by caddywumpus. 1972 Pearl Drum Catalog. Slingerland Ensemble 6-N and 3-N. Vintage Drum Forum. Snare Drums; Drum Badges; Drum Hardware; Drum Finishes; Serial Numbers; Company Time Line;. 5 Pittings and a bit rusty but all original damper and snare throw off. Pearl Marching Snare Drum / Floor. The accuracy of construction and finish of the shells and their edges is spot on. PREMIER Model 642 Snare Drum Strainer Throwoff Part UK England 70s 80s 90 Vtg . # 4. Vintage Drum Forum. 99. or Best Offer. #16. Snare Drums; Drum Badges; Drum Hardware; Drum Finishes; Serial Numbers; Company Time Line; Slingerland Drums; Restoration and Help. Mitch is a jazz influenced player, especially Elvin Jones but also Max Roach and Joe Morello. . Join Date: Apr 2011. Premier. 18” shell pack – Inspired by Premier’s iconic legacy, this Bebop-style kit provides a fantastic sound. 8mm, 6-ply solid birch shell with 4. All Premier UK manufacturing has ceased with no warning or announcement (this was where all of their non mainstream drums were produced). Artist Club 100. I haven't tried them, but if you're selling this kit, then it might be good to see if they solve. Snare Drums; Drum Badges; Drum Hardware; Drum Finishes; Serial Numbers; Company Time Line; Slingerland Drums; Restoration and Help. Vintage Drum Guru. Identify Drum Form; Vintage Drum Identification. Cleaning and Restoring; How to Refinish a Drum; Fix a Zoomatic; Is my drum COB; Yellow WMP; Types of Drum Hoops; Measuring a Drum;. search search. 14'x5. Vintage Drum History is all about history for Ludwig Drum HIstory, Slingerland Drum History, Rogers Drum History and the History of Vintage Drums, Vintage Snare Drums amd Vintage Drum Sets. 1971. Join Date: May 2009. these were introduced in 1937 and were fitted till 1939 on the aces. Premier Drums Marching Cata. It was being used in a kit that had a bunch of 60's Ludwig toms, so I'm guessing it's from that era. Pearl Deluxe Drum Set NC-4DL. But Frank is the expert. Clean Premier Snare Drum With Case, Stand, Sticks and Rubber Cover 14" Opens in a new window or tab. During the 1970’s Premier launched the ‘35’ snare drum which was notable as it was a 10 lug drum, had a beaded shell and was Premier’s first drum ever supplied with square head tension rods. Cleaning and Restoring; How to Refinish a Drum; Fix a Zoomatic; Is my drum COB; Yellow WMP; Types of Drum Hoops; Measuring a Drum;. The general rule of thumb is a “Keystone” badge indicates a drum from the '60s and a “Blue & Olive” badge indicates a drum from the '70s or early '80s. The bass claws look generic unlike most XPKs and the floor tom leg mounts are well thought but also different. Recently pick up a premier 21 snare. Beautiful snare!Congrats!Amati was Czechoslovakian company,they made drums and cymbals. Its nearly 50 years old. Find all posts by blairndrums. Cleaning and Restoring; How to Refinish a Drum; Fix a Zoomatic; Is my drum COB; Yellow WMP; Types of Drum Hoops; Measuring a Drum;. The 5. Say what you mean. The Signia line was introduced in the 90's (early 90's I think?), and included Premier Signia and Premier Signia Marquis. Premier’s HTS 800 pipe band snare drum is the choice of champions. Vintage Drum Forum. Joined Aug 29, 2010 Messages 4 Reaction score 0. 80's 13 pc sonor signature Premeir Dominion ACE snare drum Vintage Drums. I don’t even think this is terribly “vintage” but hopefully someone can give me the simple answer…. 1971. Literature. With a bit of a TLC could be a fantastic snare drum which could sell for £200+. Developed to exacting standards, the drum delivers a powerful, high-pitched tone which cuts through the densest of musical arrangements. A HERITAGE LIKE NO OTHER Every Premier product today is informed by 100 years of history and heritage. Join Date: Dec 2009. Snare Drums; Drum Badges; Drum Hardware; Drum Finishes; Serial Numbers; Company Time Line; Slingerland Drums; Restoration and Help. Its sound, build quality and performance in competition remains unrivalled. The Vintage Drum Forum can be found by clicking here. Pearl History Brochure 1983. $199. It is the model that came right after the tone flange model, and before the Broadcaster model. Compare 2 from $17. Identify Drum Form; Vintage Drum Identification. Snares: Steel, 20 strand. Identify Drum Form; Vintage Drum Identification. All-birch shell with exotic ash outer veneer. Snare Drums; Drum Badges; Drum Hardware; Drum Finishes; Serial Numbers; Company Time Line; Slingerland Drums; Restoration and Help. I just saw that Remo has a line called "Classic Fit" which has a slightly narrower hoop that allows for drums with slightly oversized shells. Vintage Drum Guru. I have chance to see lot of Ludwig drums from. Premier 5 1/2 x 14 Snare Drum Made In England Chrome Over Steel 1970's - Chrome over Steel. Vintage Drum Forum. Vintage Drum Forum. All-birch shell with exotic ash outer veneer. Ready to play drum kits designed with beginners and students in mind. There was a 'special' version of the '37' snare drum (the '37' being a 2000 but with a conventional throw off and brushed finish) available c. A few weeks ago I came across a gorgeous Premier set in sizes 22", 12" and a 16" X 20" floor tom. 5″ Snare Drum. 99. Cleaning and Restoring; How to Refinish a Drum; Fix a Zoomatic; Is my drum COB; Yellow WMP; Types of Drum Hoops; Measuring a Drum;. 5 England Steel Shell Snare Drum Drum. Cleaning and Restoring; How to Refinish a Drum; Fix a Zoomatic; Is my drum COB; Yellow WMP; Types of Drum Hoops; Measuring a Drum;. Ludwig Drum Company - Information Below Slingerland Drums - Click Here Rogers Drums - A few people are trying to create a guide, but the best way is the physical characteristics Leedy - Physical characteristics Gretsch - Physical characteristics Anyone left out -. Premier Genista Classic 14" x 7" Snare Drum, Vintage Gold Sparkle. Premier Hi-Fi - Metal & Wood. BASS DRUM: Ludwig, ser. . Price Drop. With some more attention, those little parts and the right buyer looking for the rare-ish matching snare, I’d wager $500-$600. Identify Drum Form; Vintage Drum Identification. Add to Cart. 2 pounds. Hand-built in Roger’s USA workshop, the Dyna-Sonic No. Handmade in the UK, the Della-Porta 100 limited edition snare drum commemorates Premier’s centenary by remaining faithful to the original shell building. Snare Drums; Drum Badges; Drum Hardware; Drum Finishes; Serial Numbers; Company Time Line; Slingerland Drums; Restoration and Help. APK,if it is still good drums,if in good condition and complete 250. Cleaning and Restoring;. Need to know model number, approximate age of manufacturer, and any other useable information or approximate value of the drums. This stunning 1930's Premier De Luxe Model 14x5" snare came to us needing a bit of TLC. Vintage Drum Forum. Vintage Drum Guru. (11,644Kb ZIP archive) Sonor Drums. The Premier badge is a thick, raised plate, not a simple metal badge typically found on drums. Identify Drum Form; Vintage Drum Identification. Snare Drums; Drum Badges; Drum Hardware; Drum Finishes; Serial Numbers; Company Time Line; Slingerland Drums; Restoration and Help. , Canada.